{"id":8641,"date":"2020-09-08T14:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/mountain-peaks-seem-to-shape-personality-traits-in-the-american-west\/"},"modified":"2020-09-08T14:30:00","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T14:30:00","slug":"mountain-peaks-seem-to-shape-personality-traits-in-the-american-west","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/mountain-peaks-seem-to-shape-personality-traits-in-the-american-west\/","title":{"rendered":"Mountain Peaks Seem to Shape Personality Traits in the American West"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n<p>[responsivevoice_button rate=&#8221;1\u2033 pitch=&#8221;1.2\u2033 volume=&#8221;0.8\u2033 voice=&#8221;US English Female&#8221; buttontext=&#8221;Story in Audio&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Mountain Peaks Seem to Shape Personality Traits in the American West<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/cache\/file\/0E6EB4A4-2A9A-4987-BD93970087C3C2A0_source.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The designation \u201cmountain man\u201d conjures an image of a rough, bearded, possibly grimy white man living ruggedly and adventurously amid trees, snow, deer and the occasional bear. Although most people who live in the U.S.\u2019s mountain states today do not reflect this narrow, stereotypical\u00a0extreme, the peaks that surround them may shape personality traits that resonate with the persona.<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Findings published in <em>Nature Human Behaviour<\/em> on September 7 suggest that mountainous landscapes may promote openness to new experiences among the people who live in them. But the authors also reported that denizens of the slopes scored lower for other traits, such as agreeableness and extraversion\u2014in keeping with the stereotype of the laconic individualist that has often been portrayed in Westerns. The spirit of adventure seems to come with an embrace of solitude and isolation, all traits that may help adaptation to these harsh environments.<\/p>\n<p>Although the results seem to confirm that mountains can shape some aspects of a \u201cmountain adventurer,\u201d the impact\u2014what researchers call the effect size\u2014for any one individual might be small, says the study\u2019s first author Friedrich Go\u0308tz, a Ph.D. candidate and psychologist at the University of Cambridge. Not every single person living along the Colorado Front Range is a wild-haired, adventurous loner. But mountains may draw out these traits to different degrees in people who live there, creating a sort of broad regional tendency. Even if the effects are relatively small, Go\u0308tz says, this geographical influence could \u201cscale up to produce consequential outcomes on the regional level.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The exploration of the \u201cfrontier\u201d mystique in the western U.S. needs to be revisited in other mountainous settings before making broader statements about whether \u201cphysical topography is associated with personality,\u201d says Michele Gelfand, a distinguished university professor in the department of psychology at the University of Maryland, who was not involved in the study.<\/p>\n<p>Gelfand also raises the question of whether the findings apply primarily to the U.S. and its \u201cloose and individualistic culture.\u201d For example, the study results suggested that mountains might underlie lower scores for conscientiousness, a measure of conformity. If researchers were to look at Switzerland, which is more close-knit and collectivist in its culture, they might find that \u201cconscientiousness is higher in mountainous regions\u201d there, she says.<\/p>\n<p>To examine the relationship between mountain living in the western U.S. and personality, Go\u0308tz and his colleagues used self-reported data for about 3.39 million people aged 10 to 99 distributed across 37,227 zip codes in the 48 contiguous states, Alaska and Washington, D.C. Almost three quarters of the respondents were white.<\/p>\n<p>The investigators evaluated the \u201cmountainousness\u201d of the zip codes using both elevation and change in elevation. And they looked at the commonly used \u201cbig five\u201d markers of personality traits: agreeableness (trust and altruism), conscientiousness (responsibility and adherence to social rules), extraversion (sociability), neuroticism (anxiety or emotional instability) and openness to experience (curiosity and creativity). Then they compared how topography and these personality traits tracked with each other.<\/p>\n<p>The team found that mountains tend to draw out openness to new experiences, emphasizing people\u2019s tendencies toward originality and adventurousness. But they seem to decrease the other four traits.<\/p>\n<p>Even though the \u201copening of the West\u201d is long past\u2014at least in terms of European settlement of lands taken from Native Americans in the region\u2014its rugged mountains have \u201cacquired a unique sociocultural meaning\u201d that has lingered even as they have ceased to be the \u201cfrontier,\u201d Go\u0308tz says. That persistent mystique and cultural legacy may still influence people even in the 21st century.<\/p>\n<p>Go\u0308tz is careful to emphasize that mountains\u2019 effect on personality is only one of many factors that shape broadly regional traits. Just as many gene variants can contribute to who we are, several influences, including \u201cmountainousness,\u201d act in concert to shape personality.<\/p>\n<p>People living in cities might also embrace openness as a personality trait but with more of a social emphasis, Gelfand observes. \u201cIn cities, this trait may be adaptive because you are constantly meeting new people, and there are many weak ties and social networks,\u201d she says. So \u201cwhile mountainous regions may be also high on openness, that could be for different reasons.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Although the big five personality construct is useful, it is \u201cnot without flaws\u201d and may not \u201cyield perfectly comparable results across cultures,\u201d Go\u0308tz says. Given the study\u2019s focus on the sociocultural constructs around settlers moving west across the American landscape, the \u201ccross-cultural generalizability remains an open question,\u201d he says. It\u2019s a question he and his colleagues intend to pursue, examining cultures with populated mountain areas but without the colonialist American frontier legacy.<\/p>\n<p>Because the effects of mountainousness are consistent but small, many other factors need to be assessed as candidates for shaping personality. The big data sets and machine-learning approaches Go\u0308tz and his colleagues used are excellent tools to search for these small but important factors. Go\u0308tz says that sorting through the massive amounts of information \u201cwill be a long and tedious journey,\u201d not unlike an adventurous trek westward.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-item-metadata entry-meta\">\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Disclaimer: Content may be edited for style and length.\u00a0<a class=\"newsium-categories category-color-1\" href=\"http:\/\/rss.sciam.com\/~r\/ScientificAmerican-News\/~3\/SEdqdBzC7Sk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Story Source<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0 [responsivevoice_button rate=&#8221;1\u2033 pitch=&#8221;1.2\u2033 volume=&#8221;0.8\u2033 voice=&#8221;US English Female&#8221; buttontext=&#8221;Story in Audio&#8221;] Mountain Peaks Seem to Shape Personality Traits in the American West The designation \u201cmountain man\u201d conjures an image of a rough, bearded, possibly grimy white man living ruggedly and adventurously amid trees, snow, deer and the occasional bear. Although most people who live in &#8230; <a title=\"Mountain Peaks Seem to Shape Personality Traits in the American West\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/mountain-peaks-seem-to-shape-personality-traits-in-the-american-west\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Mountain Peaks Seem to Shape Personality Traits in the American West\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mountain Peaks Seem to Shape Personality Traits in the American West - Aviance Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mountain Peaks Seem to Shape Personality Traits in the American West - Aviance Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0\u00a0 [responsivevoice_button rate=&#8221;1\u2033 pitch=&#8221;1.2\u2033 volume=&#8221;0.8\u2033 voice=&#8221;US English Female&#8221; buttontext=&#8221;Story in Audio&#8221;] Mountain Peaks Seem to Shape Personality Traits in the American West The designation \u201cmountain man\u201d conjures an image of a rough, bearded, possibly grimy white man living ruggedly and adventurously amid trees, snow, deer and the occasional bear. 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