{"id":5244,"date":"2020-07-18T18:06:28","date_gmt":"2020-07-18T18:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/?p=5244"},"modified":"2020-07-18T18:08:00","modified_gmt":"2020-07-18T18:08:00","slug":"second-coronavirus-strain-may-be-more-infectious-but-some-scientists-are-skeptical","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/second-coronavirus-strain-may-be-more-infectious-but-some-scientists-are-skeptical\/","title":{"rendered":"Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious&#8211;but Some Scientists Are Skeptical"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[responsivevoice_button rate=&#8221;1\u2033 pitch=&#8221;1.2\u2033 volume=&#8221;0.8\u2033 voice=&#8221;US English Female&#8221; buttontext=&#8221;Story in Audio&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious&#8211;but Some Scientists Are Skeptical<\/h2>\n<p>The hubbub around mutations in the virus that causes COVID-19\u2014and how they might make it more infectious\u2014has been around since the early phase of the pandemic. A preprint study about a particular mutation involving the \u201cspikes\u201d studding the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen had previously drawn attention, and that investigation has now been peer-reviewed and published in <em>Cell<\/em>. The paper details a change in one amino acid in the virus that may have made it more infectious. But virologists are far from a consensus about the possible role of this mutation.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>The paper indicates that a single amino acid change from D (aspartic acid) to G (glycine) on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (which such viruses use to grab onto human cells) is the key to how infectious the pathogen is. \u201cThe spike protein has a critically important role in the biology of the virus,\u201d says Bette Korber, a computational biologist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and lead author of the new paper.<\/p>\n<p>Korber and her colleagues came to this conclusion after employing multiple approaches to examine the two strains. First, they performed a statistical analysis that showed how the mutated virus\u2014often referred to as the \u201cG strain\u201d\u2014achieved dominance across multiple continents, outperforming the coexisting original version of SARS-CoV-2, or \u201cD strain.\u201d Then the researchers tested the amount of the virus in individuals with COVID-19 at the Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in England. The results showed that the G strain produced more of the virus in the human body than the D strain. But the former did not lead to a higher hospitalization rate, meaning it apparently did not cause more severe illnesses. Lastly, the team members created \u201cpseudotype\u201d pathogens by embedding SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, containing either D or G amino acids, into other disease-causing viruses. They tested these pseudotype viruses by infecting human cells in a lab dish, and the result suggested that the G-bearing one was more infectious. Examining cells in a dish, however, is not the same as testing them using \u201cmultiple cell types with an immune system in a human body,\u201d says Emma Hodcroft, a molecular epidemiologist at the University of Basel in Switzerland, who was not involved in the study. \u201cWe just have to be really careful with how far we take the conclusions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The study authors say they are not arguing that current vaccine and therapeutic efforts, most of which are based on the original D strain, will be useless. \u201cBut it means that we need to carefully check [the effects of the mutation] and make sure there is no impact,\u201d Korber says. \u201cYou want to be certain [therapies and vaccines] work well against today\u2019s virus, not just yesterday\u2019s virus.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile some scientists worry the results are being overinterpreted. Nathan Grubaugh of Yale University and his colleagues published another paper in <em>Cell<\/em> on the same day as Korber\u2019s study to lay out limitations to\u2014and alternative explanations for\u2014its findings. Others debated Korber and her colleagues\u2019 conclusions via <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/firefoxx66\/status\/1257957609971294208\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">social<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/trvrb\/status\/1257825352660877313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">media<\/a> when their paper was first released as a preprint.<\/p>\n<p>Grubaugh\u2019s paper points out that when one strain is simply more prevalent, that does not always mean it is more infectious. The researchers write that the higher frequency of the G strain \u201cmay be explained by chance.\u201d They add that \u201cthere is good evidence that for SARS-CoV-2, a minority of infections are responsible for the majority of transmission\u201d and that most of the infections that seeded outbreaks may have happened to involve the G strain. It is also possible that strain (which emerged in Europe) traveled farther and more frequently to other parts of the planet, leading to its global dominance. \u201cThat\u2019s kind of the disentangling that\u2019s really difficult,\u201d Hodcroft says, noting that there are too many factors at play.<\/p>\n<p>As for the amount of virus detected in the human body, the method Korber\u2019s team used \u201cdoesn\u2019t measure infectious virus, and that\u2019s all that matters for transmission,\u201d says Vincent Racaniello, a virologist at the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, who was also not involved in the either of the two <em>Cell<\/em> papers. In viral infections, he says, \u201cyou have a period where you\u2019re actually producing infectious virus. But then the infection basically stops. And then what are left are degraded viruses that persist in your body for a long time.\u201d The technique employed by Korber and her colleagues can detect degraded viruses, \u201cso that\u2019s not a good enough experiment to prove that this is driving transmission,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n<p>Whether the G strain could affect the efficacy of potential vaccines and therapeutics is still unknown. The paper by Korber\u2019s team shows that antibodies from people who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 fight against both strains. \u201cThat was a really encouraging step, although more work needs to be done,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n<p>The debate over the newly identified mutation and its implications will likely continue, because there are several preprint papers that suggest the G strain might be more infectious. But Korber\u2019s study is the only one to do so that has been peer-reviewed so far.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese back-and-forths between scientists, they really are normal, and this is how science evolves,\u201d Hodcroft says. \u201cIt isn\u2019t an indication that all of science is in disagreement&#8230;. If you [surveyed] scientists, they would give you the same general ideas about the virus.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m not saying that what they\u2019re suggesting is not plausible,\u201d Racaniello says. \u201cThis could be proven one day, and I would be fine with that.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"post-item-metadata entry-meta\">\n<p class=\"has-background has-very-light-gray-background-color\">Disclaimer: Content may be edited for style and length.\u00a0<a class=\"newsium-categories category-color-1\" href=\"http:\/\/rss.sciam.com\/~r\/ScientificAmerican-News\/~3\/9HIUgS5yuis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Story Source<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[responsivevoice_button rate=&#8221;1\u2033 pitch=&#8221;1.2\u2033 volume=&#8221;0.8\u2033 voice=&#8221;US English Female&#8221; buttontext=&#8221;Story in Audio&#8221;] Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious&#8211;but Some Scientists Are Skeptical The hubbub around mutations in the virus that causes COVID-19\u2014and how they might make it more infectious\u2014has been around since the early phase of the pandemic. A preprint study about a particular mutation involving &#8230; <a title=\"Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious&#8211;but Some Scientists Are Skeptical\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/second-coronavirus-strain-may-be-more-infectious-but-some-scientists-are-skeptical\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious&#8211;but Some Scientists Are Skeptical\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5245,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious-but Some Scientists Are Skeptical - Aviance Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious-but Some Scientists Are Skeptical - Aviance Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[responsivevoice_button rate=&#8221;1\u2033 pitch=&#8221;1.2\u2033 volume=&#8221;0.8\u2033 voice=&#8221;US English Female&#8221; buttontext=&#8221;Story in Audio&#8221;] Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious&#8211;but Some Scientists Are Skeptical The hubbub around mutations in the virus that causes COVID-19\u2014and how they might make it more infectious\u2014has been around since the early phase of the pandemic. 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Aviance Technologies","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious-but Some Scientists Are Skeptical - Aviance Technologies","og_description":"[responsivevoice_button rate=&#8221;1\u2033 pitch=&#8221;1.2\u2033 volume=&#8221;0.8\u2033 voice=&#8221;US English Female&#8221; buttontext=&#8221;Story in Audio&#8221;] Second Coronavirus Strain May Be More Infectious&#8211;but Some Scientists Are Skeptical The hubbub around mutations in the virus that causes COVID-19\u2014and how they might make it more infectious\u2014has been around since the early phase of the pandemic. 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