{"id":1459,"date":"2020-02-22T05:03:19","date_gmt":"2020-02-22T05:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/?p=1459"},"modified":"2020-02-22T05:08:00","modified_gmt":"2020-02-22T05:08:00","slug":"disappearing-snakes-and-the-biodiversity-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/disappearing-snakes-and-the-biodiversity-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Disappearing snakes and the biodiversity crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A Michigan State University- and University of Maryland-led study featured on the cover of this week\u2019s Science magazine should sound alarm bells regarding the \u201cbiodiversity crisis\u201d or the loss of <strong>wildlife<\/strong> around the world.<\/h2>\n<p>The loss of any species is devastating. However, the decline or extinction of one species can trigger an avalanche within an ecosystem, wiping out many species in the process. When biodiversity losses cause cascading effects within a region, they can eliminate many data-deficient species \u00ad\u2013 animals that have eluded scientific study or haven\u2019t been researched enough to understand how best to conserve them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome species that are rare or hard to detect may be declining so quickly that we might not ever know that we\u2019re losing them,\u201d said Elise Zipkin, MSU integrative biologist and the study\u2019s lead author. \u201cIn fact, this study is less about <strong>snakes<\/strong> and more about the general loss of biodiversity and its consequences.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>snakes<\/strong> in question reside in a protected area near El Cop\u00e9, Panama. The new study documents how the snake community plummeted after an invasive fungal pathogen wiped out most of the area\u2019s frogs, a primary food source. Thanks to the University of Maryland\u2019s long-term study tracking amphibians and reptiles, the team had seven years of data on the snake community before the loss of frogs and six years of data afterwards.<\/p>\n<p>Yet even with that extensive dataset, many species were detected so infrequently that traditional analysis methods were impossible. To say that these snakes are highly elusive or rare would be an understatement. Of the 36 snake species observed during the study, 12 were detected only once and five species were detected twice.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe need to reframe the question and accept that with data-deficient species, we won\u2019t often be able to assess population changes with high levels of certainty,\u201d Zipkin said. \u201cInstead, we need to look at the probability that this snake community is worse off now than it used to be.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Using this approach, the team, which included former MSU integrative biologists Grace DiRenzo and Sam Rossman, built statistical models focused on estimating the probability that snake diversity metrics changed after the loss of amphibians, rather than trying to estimate the absolute number of species in the area, which is inherently difficult because snakes are so rare.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe estimated an 85% probability that there are fewer snake species than there were before the amphibians declined,\u201d Zipkin said. \u201cWe also estimated high probabilities that the occurrence rates and body conditions of many of the individual snake species were lower after the loss of amphibians, despite no other systematic changes to the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When animals die off en masse, such as what is happening with amphibians worldwide, researchers are dealing mainly with that discovery and are focused on determining the causes. But what happens to everything else that relies on those animals? Scientists don\u2019t often have accurate counts and observations of the other species in those ecosystems, leaving them guessing to the consequences of these changes. The challenge is exacerbated, of course, when it involves rare and data-deficient species.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBecause there will never be a ton of data, we can\u2019t pinpoint exactly why some snake species declined while others seemed to do okay or even prospered after the catastrophic loss of amphibians.\u201d Zipkin said. \u201cBut this phenomenon, in which a disturbance event indirectly produces a large number of \u2018losers\u2019 but also a few \u2018winners,\u2019 is increasingly common and leads to worldwide biotic homogenization, or the process of formally dissimilar ecosystems gradually becoming more similar.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The inability to put their finger on the exact cause, however, isn\u2019t the worst news to come from their results. The truly bad news is that the level of devastation portends to much greater worldwide loss than the scientific community has been estimating.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe huge die-off of frogs is an even bigger problem than we thought,\u201d said Doug Levey, a program director in the National Science Foundation\u2019s Division of Environmental Biology. \u201cFrogs\u2019 disappearance has had cascading effects in tropical food chains. This study reveals the importance of basic, long-term data. When these scientists started counting snakes in a rainforest, they had no idea what they\u2019d eventually discover.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Zipkin agrees that long-term data is important to help stakeholders ascertain the extent of the issue.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have this unique dataset and we have found a clever way to estimate declines in rare species,\u201d she said. \u201cIt\u2019s sad, however, that the biodiversity crisis is probably worse than we thought because there are so many data-deficient species that we\u2019ll never be able to assess.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>On a positive note, the scientists believe that improved forecasts and modeling could lead to bolstering conservation efforts. Making data-driven, proactive changes can prevent massive die offs and curb biodiversity loss.<\/p>\n<p>Karen Lips, UMD, and Julie Ray, La MICA Biological Station (Panama), were part of the scientific team.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Michigan State University- and University of Maryland-led study featured on the cover of this week\u2019s Science magazine should sound alarm bells regarding the \u201cbiodiversity crisis\u201d or the loss of wildlife around the world. The loss of any species is devastating. However, the decline or extinction of one species can trigger an avalanche within an &#8230; <a title=\"Disappearing snakes and the biodiversity crisis\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/aviancetechnologies.com\/blog\/disappearing-snakes-and-the-biodiversity-crisis\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Disappearing snakes and the biodiversity crisis\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[126,125],"class_list":["post-1459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-biodiversity","tag-snakes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disappearing snakes and the biodiversity crisis - Aviance Technologies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disappearing snakes and the biodiversity crisis - Aviance Technologies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Michigan State University- and University of Maryland-led study featured on the cover of this week\u2019s Science magazine should sound alarm bells regarding the \u201cbiodiversity crisis\u201d or the loss of wildlife around the world. 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